Merck Manual Professional Version. Accessed Oct. American Thyroid Association. Hyperthyroidism overactive thyroid. Burch HB, et al.
Management of Graves disease. Graves' disease. Podrid PJ. Major side effects of beta blockers. Davies TF, et al. Treatment of Graves' orbitopathy ophthalmopathy. Jameson JL, et al. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.
New York, N. Elston MS, et al. Factitious Graves' disease due to biotin immunoassay interference — A case and review of the literature. Nippoldt TB expert opinion. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Related Thyroid disease: Can it affect a person's mood?
Associated Procedures Thyroidectomy. A myxedema coma may be triggered by sedatives, infection or other stress on your body. If you have signs or symptoms of myxedema, you need immediate emergency medical treatment. Birth defects. Babies born to women with untreated thyroid disease may have a higher risk of birth defects compared to babies born to healthy mothers.
These children are also more prone to serious intellectual and developmental problems. Infants with untreated hypothyroidism present at birth are at risk of serious problems with both physical and mental development.
But if this condition is diagnosed within the first few months of life, the chances of normal development are excellent. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Hypothyroidism underactive thyroid is a condition in which your thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones. Thyroid gland Open pop-up dialog box Close. Thyroid gland Your thyroid gland is located at the base of your neck, just below the Adam's apple. More Information Hypothyroidism and joint pain? Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. More Information Hypothyroidism symptoms: Can hypothyroidism cause eye problems?
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert. Rochester, Minn. Chaker L, et al. The Lancet. American Thyroid Association. Accessed Oct.
Jameson JL, et al. Learn more about thyroid cancer treatments at the National Cancer Institute. It can be hard to tell if you have a thyroid disease. The symptoms are the same as many other health problems. Your doctor may start by asking about your health history and if any of your family members has had thyroid disease.
Your doctor may also give you a physical exam and check your neck for thyroid nodules. High levels of radioiodine mean that your thyroid makes too much of the thyroid hormone. Low levels mean that your thyroid does not make enough thyroid hormone. Ultrasound may also be helpful in finding thyroid cancer, although by itself it cannot be used to diagnose thyroid cancer. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can make it harder for you to get pregnant.
This is because problems with the thyroid hormone can upset the balance of the hormones that cause ovulation. Hypothyroidism can also cause your body to make more prolactin, the hormone that tells your body to make breastmilk. Too much prolactin can prevent ovulation. Thyroid problems can also affect the menstrual cycle. Your periods may be heavier or irregular, or you may not have any periods at all for several months or longer called amenorrhea.
Pregnancy-related hormones raise the level of thyroid hormones in the blood. Thyroid hormones are necessary for the baby's brain development while in the womb. It can be harder to diagnose thyroid problems during pregnancy because of the change in hormone levels that normally happen during pregnancy. But it is especially important to check for problems before getting pregnant and during pregnancy.
Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can cause problems for both mother and baby. Hyperthyroidism that is not treated with medicine during pregnancy can cause: 4. Hypothyroidism that is not treated with medicine during pregnancy can cause: 4. For more information about thyroid diseases, call the OWH Helpline at or contact the following organizations:. Department of Health and Human Services. ET closed on federal holidays. Breadcrumb Home A-Z health topics Thyroid disease. Thyroid disease.
Thyroid disease Your thyroid produces thyroid hormone, which controls many activities in your body, including how fast you burn calories and how fast your heart beats.
What is the thyroid? How do thyroid problems affect women? Your thyroid helps control your menstrual cycle. Too much or too little thyroid hormone can make your periods very light, heavy, or irregular.
Thyroid disease also can cause your periods to stop for several months or longer, a condition called amenorrhea. If your body's immune system causes thyroid disease, other glands, including your ovaries, may be involved. This can lead to early menopause before age Problems getting pregnant.
When thyroid disease affects the menstrual cycle, it also affects ovulation. This can make it harder for you to get pregnant. Problems during pregnancy. Thyroid problems during pregnancy can cause health problems for the mother and the baby. Are some women more at risk for thyroid disease?
You may want to talk to your doctor about getting tested if you: Had a thyroid problem in the past Had surgery or radiotherapy affecting the thyroid gland Have a condition such as goiter , anemia , or type 1 diabetes Screening for thyroid disease is not recommended for most women. What kinds of thyroid disease affect women? These thyroid diseases affect more women than men: Disorders that cause hypothyroidism Disorders that cause hyperthyroidism Thyroiditis , especially postpartum thyroiditis goiter Thyroid nodules Thyroid cancer.
What is hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism also can be caused by: Hyperthyroidism treatment radioiodine Radiation treatment of certain cancers Thyroid removal. What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Later, you may develop other signs and symptoms of a slowed-down metabolism, including: Feeling cold when other people do not Constipation Muscle weakness Weight gain, even though you are not eating more food Joint or muscle pain Feeling sad or depressed Feeling very tired Pale, dry skin Dry, thinning hair Slow heart rate Less sweating than usual A puffy face A hoarse voice More than usual menstrual bleeding You also may have high LDL or "bad" cholesterol, which can raise your risk for heart disease.
How is hypothyroidism treated? What is hyperthyroidism? What are the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? But, over time, a faster metabolism can cause symptoms such as: Weight loss, even if you eat the same or more food most but not all people lose weight Eating more than usual Rapid or irregular heartbeat or pounding of your heart Feeling nervous or anxious Feeling irritable Trouble sleeping Trembling in your hands and fingers Increased sweating Feeling hot when other people do not Muscle weakness Diarrhea or more bowel movements than normal Fewer and lighter menstrual periods than normal Changes in your eyes that can include bulging of the eyes, redness, or irritation Hyperthyroidism raises your risk for osteoporosis , a condition that causes weak bones that break easily.
How is hyperthyroidism treated? Treatments include: Medicine. Antithyroid medicines block your thyroid from making new thyroid hormone. These drugs do not cause lasting damage to the thyroid. Beta-blockers block the effects of thyroid hormone on your body. These medicines can be helpful in slowing your heart rate and treating other symptoms until one of the other forms of treatment can take effect.
Beta-blockers do not reduce the amount of thyroid hormones that are made. This treatment kills the thyroid cells that make thyroid hormones. Often, this causes permanent hypothyroidism.
Thyroid surgery removes most or all of the thyroid. This may cause permanent hypothyroidism. What is thyroiditis? Causes of thyroiditis include: Autoimmune diseases , like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis Genetics Viral or bacterial infection Certain types of medicines Two common types of thyroiditis are Hashimoto's disease and postpartum thyroiditis.
What is postpartum thyroiditis? Postpartum thyroiditis typically happens in two phases, though not everyone with the condition goes through both phases: 4 The first phase starts 1 to 4 months after giving birth and typically last 1 to 2 months. In this phase, you may have signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism because the damaged thyroid leaks thyroid hormones out into the bloodstream.
The second phase starts about 4 to 8 months after delivery and lasts 6 to 12 months. In this phase, you may have signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism because the thyroid has lost most of its hormones or because the immune attack is over and the thyroid may recover later. Who is at risk for postpartum thyroiditis? Your risk is also higher if: 5 Have a personal history or family history of thyroid disorders Had postpartum thyroiditis after a previous pregnancy Have chronic viral hepatitis.
How is postpartum thyroiditis treated? What is a goiter? How is goiter treated? You may not need treatment if your thyroid works normally and the symptoms do not bother you. What are thyroid nodules? What are the signs and symptoms of thyroid nodules? How are thyroid nodules treated? Treatment depends on the type of nodule or nodules that you have.
Treatments include: Watchful waiting.
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