Part 2 Centralization — Decentralization Debate Centralization — Decentralization Centralization V. Decentralization 2 variants of centralization: Deconcentration V. Deconcentration — Decentralization Continuum of Decon — Decent Brillantes Jr.
Efforts to move away from this tradition decentralization over the past 25 years has been done though it is unsuccessful Ryan Part 3 Unitary States vs. Unitary States vs. Federal States Lower levels of government have a constitutional guarantee of sovereignty over specific matters. Lower-level governments derive their statutory frameworks from parliamentary legislation or an executive order. Lijphart Responsibility for fiscal problems is distributed across different levels of government.
Spending by lower-level government remains the responsibility of the national government. The political power of government may well be transferred to lower levels, but central government retains the principal right to recall such delegated power. Wheare The relationship between central and local government in both countries reflects a poly-centric movement instead of mono-centric.
It dynamically moves from unitary continuum to federalist continuum, and the other way round. Every state is at least composed of municipalities as decentralized units. Accordingly, the major question arises as to how to differentiate among a unitary state practicing deconcentration, a decentralized unitary state and a federal state. Federal States Dynamics in the development of federal system over time USA Boeckenfoerde, We can have decentralization in absence of federalism, and federations, like unitary systems, can be classified as more or less decentralized and even centralized.
Part 4 Countries Experiences JAPAN CHINA The Local People Congresses at different levels are the state power organs at local level. The Prefect is responsible for national interests, administrative control and respect of the law.
Degree of centralization — decentralization in Indonesia The Governor is responsible for implementing minimum standard of service and doing supervision to local govt on behalf of central govt. Head of municipal govt is elected by people, while head of province is appointed by central govt. But there is common essence of decentralization, that is, strengthening local authorities through transfer of power and resources from the central govt. It must be made alive for and by the inhabitants of the City of Mankind.
The more important thing to be noticed is that both unitary and federal states have equal opportunity to promote asymmetrical decentralization. Thank you for kind attention Fiscal decentralization: A remedy for corruption?
International Tax and Public Finance 11 2. Chapter 1. Political decentralization aims to give citizens or their elected representatives more power in public decision-making. It is often associated with pluralistic politics and representative government, but it can also support democratization by giving citizens, or their representatives, more influence in the formulation and implementation of policies. Advocates of political decentralization assume that decisions made with greater participation will be better informed and more relevant to diverse interests in society than those made only by national political authorities.
The concept implies that the selection of representatives from local electoral jurisdictions allows citizens to know better their political representatives and allows elected officials to know better the needs and desires of their constituents.
Political decentralization often requires constitutional or statutory reforms, the development of pluralistic political parties, the strengthening of legislatures, creation of local political units, and the encouragement of effective public interest groups.
Administrative Decentralization. Administrative decentralization seeks to redistribute authority, responsibility and financial resources for providing public services among different levels of government. It is the transfer of responsibility for the planning, financing and management of certain public functions from the central government and its agencies to field units of government agencies, subordinate units or levels of government, semi-autonomous public authorities or corporations, or area-wide, regional or functional authorities.
The three major forms of administrative decentralization -- deconcentration, delegation, and devolution -- each have different characteristics. Deconcentration--which is often considered to be the weakest form of decentralization and is used most frequently in unitary states-- redistributes decision making authority and financial and management responsibilities among different levels of the central government.
It can merely shift responsibilities from central government officials in the capital city to those working in regions, provinces or districts, or it can create strong field administration or local administrative capacity under the supervision of central government ministries.
Delegation is a more extensive form of decentralization. Through delegation central governments transfer responsibility for decision-making and administration of public functions to semi-autonomous organizations not wholly controlled by the central government, but ultimately accountable to it. Governments delegate responsibilities when they create public enterprises or corporations, housing authorities, transportation authorities, special service districts, semi-autonomous school districts, regional development corporations, or special project implementation units.
Usually these organizations have a great deal of discretion in decision-making. They may be exempt from constraints on regular civil service personnel and may be able to charge users directly for services.
A third type of administrative decentralization is devolution. When governments devolve functions, they transfer authority for decision-making, finance, and management to quasi-autonomous units of local government with corporate status.
Devolution usually transfers responsibilities for services to municipalities that elect their own mayors and councils, raise their own revenues, and have independent authority to make investment decisions.
In a devolved system, local governments have clear and legally recognized geographical boundaries over which they exercise authority and within which they perform public functions. It is this type of administrative decentralization that underlies most political decentralization. Financial responsibility is a core component of decentralization. Fiscal decentralization can take many forms, including a self-financing or cost recovery through user charges, b co-financing or co-production arrangements through which the users participate in providing services and infrastructure through monetary or labor contributions; c expansion of local revenues through property or sales taxes, or indirect charges; d intergovernmental transfers that shift general revenues from taxes collected by the central government to local governments for general or specific uses; and e authorization of municipal borrowing and the mobilization of either national or local government resources through loan guarantees.
Rent from DeepDyve. If you think you should have access to this content, click to contact our support team. Contact us. Please note you do not have access to teaching notes. Other access options You may be able to access teaching notes by logging in via your Emerald profile. Abstract Purpose Decentralization is a widespread and international phenomenon in public administration. Findings The article reconstructs the impacts of devolution and deconcentration processes on the emergence of policy and management capacity in two regions Rhone-Alpes and Piedmont in the cultural sector.
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